Elderly priest in eyeglasses and catholic vestment standing with prayer hands near table with Bible and multiethnic deacons during liturgy process behind mountains in sunlight

A debate about tithing has raged in Nigeria’s media for quite some time. Several people have canvassed positions that painted a negative view of the tithe and tithers. A pastor made a mistake by claiming that a person who does not pay tithe will not go to heaven (a claim he has retracted). Many antagonists of the tithe swung to the other side of the pendulum, tending to suggest that anyone who practices tithing is not a New Testament Christian.

Some people criticize the practice of tithing because they believe it is an Old Testament injunction not sustained in the New Testament. These have argued their positions by presenting the matter in the context of the debate about law and grace. However, most antagonists criticize tithing on considerations other than biblical or theological reasons.

Following the discussions, one observes that the key factors motivating the debate have nothing to do with what the Bible teaches. I intend to address the issue of tithing in three parts. Whereas it is essential to enquire about the biblical teachings about the tithe (I shall address that in part two), I wish to unmask the non-theological motivations behind the debate. In part three, I will try to enunciate the significance of the tithe. Its place in the Christian’s discharge of their stewardship responsibilities towards God and his kingdom work.

Reaction against “Commercial” Tendencies Of Some Pastors

Many people I have heard criticizing the practice of tithing have not hidden their angst with pastors who, they claim, their teachings about tithing are motivated by the desire to enrich themselves. They argue that pastors profit through tithing at the expense of their poor members.

Thus, the tithe of poor members ends up financing the lavish lifestyles of these pastors. While it is true that some pastors are guilty of unorthodox teachings and practices and even unconscionable extravagance, this is only true of a negligible, tiny minority of “pastors”.

Most Christians in Nigeria belong to established churches whose members know that the money they give to their churches does not go to their pastor. In the established churches, the tithe is given to the church. The pastor only receives a salary based on these churches’ approved standards and policies. So, no pastor of these churches can be accused of enriching himself with members’ tithe.

I also know some of the newly founded churches that operate a similar system of transparency and accountability. For the members and pastors of such churches, therefore, the accusation that pastors unlawfully profit from members’ financial support for their churches does not apply.

Tendency towards Political Correctness

The debate about the tithe has taken the shape of political correctness. It is no longer fashionable to speak in favour of the tithe. It is trendier to criticize the practice of tithing, so many people join the bandwagon. It is not strange these days to hear a pastor criticizing the practice of tithing and claiming that they no longer collect offerings in their churches as if that is an achievement. Such positioning comes from the needless desire to gain the crowd’s applause and be seen to belong.

The Allure of Social Media Trends

Closely related to the above is the desire of many people to join whatever is trending on social media. The social media has become a powerful influence on people’s opinions and beliefs. A perceptive observer will notice that many things that trend on social media are not products of critical and rigorous thinking. The social media frenzy resulting in the criticism of tithing and all kinds of giving to the church is one such trend lacking in thorough thought and reflection.

Biblical Answer to the Tithe Question

In this second part of the series on the levy, I wish to explore the biblical foundations of the contemporary Christian practice of tithing.
Sometimes, the question of what the Bible teaches about tithing is placed in the context of the debate about law and grace or the old and new covenants. A careful reading of the New Testament indicates continuity and discontinuity.
While some aspects of the Old Testament are discontinued in the New Testament, others are continued and sometimes better enriched. For instance, the emphasis on grace in the New Testament did not wholly abrogate everything about the law.
Even Paul consistently upheld the moral law and praised those who observed the moral law without having the legal instrument itself. Furthermore, Jesus said he did not come to abolish the law but to fulfil it. Thus, our treatment of the biblical foundations of tithe will build on the principle of continuity and discontinuity.

Tithe in the Old Testament

Tithe first appeared in the Bible in Gen 14:20, when Abraham gave a tenth of all the goods he recovered in war to Melchizedek. The second time is Jacob’s response to a divine revelation he received at Bethel on his way to Haran (Gen 28:22). The two passages above occurred before the mosaic law was given.
Abraham was not mandated to give a tithe when he gave it. Jacob was not mandated when he pledged. These were voluntary human responses to God’s acts of deliverance and favour. They were expressions of worship.
Tithe later became mandatory in the mosaic law meant for the Levites and priests. When the Promised Land was allocated to the tribes of Israel, the tribe of Levi was left out because of God’s special calling upon them. The tithe to be paid by all of Israel was for the upkeep of the Levites in lieu of their land allocation.
There are three types of tithe mentioned in the OT: 1. Levitical tithe: the Levitical tithe is the one most commonly talked about (Numb. 18:21-24). Second, the feast tithe: the feast tithe was a tenth of the annual income of the Israelites meant to finance their feast pilgrimages to Jerusalem (Deut. 14:22-27).
Third, the poor tithe: the tithe for the poor was meant to support the needy among the people (Deut. 14:28-29). Thus, the Israelites gave more than a tenth of their income at the end of the day.

Tithe in The New Testament

The tithe was not commonly discussed in the New Testament. Jesus talked about it once reported in Matthew 23:23 and Luke 11:42. In Matthew 23:23, Jesus said: “Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites. You give a tenth of your spices – mint, dill and cumin.
But you have neglected the more important matters of the law – justice, mercy and faithfulness. It would be best if you practised the latter, without neglecting the former” (NLT). Jesus said, “You should have practised the latter” (justice, mercy and faithfulness) “without neglecting the latter” (tithe).
Several times in the Bible, including the Old Testament itself, the Bible condemned religious acts like prayer, singing and dancing, fasting, giving of offerings, and worship when people engage in them while neglecting matters of justice, righteousness, and the fear of God (Cf. Isaiah 1: 10 ff).
Tithe is not discussed in the epistles. In I Cor 16:2 and II Cor 9:6-18, Paul robustly discussed giving to the Lord. The principles that stand out in that discussion are proportionality, cheerfulness or free will, and generosity or sacrificial giving.
Thus, Paul’s contribution to understanding Christian financial stewardship is that Christian giving should be according to a person’s capacity or means and should be cheerful and sacrificial.

Conclusion

We conclude that while tithe was not commanded in the New Testament, it was endorsed. Tithing was sanctioned by no less a person than our Lord Jesus Christ. Today, the tithe provides a structure for Christian financial stewardship.
Christians practice tithing as an intentional and disciplined approach to giving. Tithe is proportional, free and sacrificial, meeting the benchmark of the Pauline discourse on Christian giving.
We must add that several Christians have learnt to give God more than a tenth of their income, and those Christians will be the first to testify about the liberating feelings and blessings they derive from doing so.
Money (mammon) has such an enslaving and domineering character that without such intentionality and discipline, one will find himself or herself unable to meaningfully contribute financially to the work of God.
Tithe then functions as a benchmark to help us gauge our proportionate, cheerful and generous giving to the Lord and the work of his kingdom. Jesus was right that where a person’s treasure is, is where their heart will also be (Matthew 6:21). Intentional and sacrificial giving, benchmarked by tithing (but not limited to it), helps Christians keep their focus on the Lord and his kingdom.

The ongoing debate about tithe has been largely unsolicited because tithers are not complaining about tithing. It is mainly non-tithers that are emotionally invested in criticizing the practice and trolling anyone who speaks in favour of it, akin to taking paracetamol for another person’s headache.

A person with any experience of giving to the Lord and receiving the blessings thereof will have no time for idle arguments that do not hold water. Prayers accompanied this article to become a blessing.


 

THE DEBATE ABOUT TITHE (Part I)by Rev. Prof. John O. Enyinnaya

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